Alexander's biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea states that Alexander the Great founded no less than seventy towns, which were important centers of the Greek cultures in the East. By these foundations, the sage of Chaeronea implies, the Macedonian conqueror changed the nature of his oriental subjects from barbarians into civilized people.
List of cities founded by Alexander the Great:
Alexander the Great founded, substantially re-established, or renamed numerous towns and cities.
Below are some of these cities (with present-day locations):
Modern Bulgaria
Alexandropolis Maedica
Modern Turkey
Alexandria Troas, modern Dalyan
Alexandria by the Latmus, possibly Alinda
Alexandria near Issus; İskenderun preserves the name, but probably not the exact site.
Smyrna. According to the legend, after Alexander hunted on the Mount Pagus, he slept under a plane tree at the sanctuary of Nemesis. While he was sleeping, the goddess appeared and told him to found a city there and move into it the Smyrnaeans from the "old" city. The Smyrnaeans sent ambassadors to the oracle at Clarus to ask about this, and after the response from the oracle they decided to move to the "new" Smyrna
Modern Syria
Nikephorion, present day Raqqa. Isidore of Charax, in the Parthian Stations, wrote that it was a Greek city founded by Alexander the Great.
Modern Jordan
Jerash, some sources claim that the city was founded by Alexander or soldiers of Alexander.
Other cities in the region also claimed Alexander as their founder.
Modern Egypt
Alexandria
Modern Iraq
Iskandariya, Iraq.
Alexandria in Susiana, later Charax Spasinu
Alexandria of Mygdonia, probably in the area of Erbil
Modern Iran
Alexandria Asiana, possibly Eskandari-ye Baraftab and Nesar-e Eskandari
Alexandria Carmania, near Soghan Rural District
Alexandria Susia or Alexandropolis, modern Mashhad
Modern Tajikistan
Alexandria Eschate, at or close to modern Khujand
Modern Uzbekistan
Six cities north of the Oxus, one of which may be Termez
Modern Turkmenistan
Alexandria in Margiana, formerly Merv
Modern Afghanistan
Alexandria Ariana, now Herat
Alexandria Prophthasia, perhaps Farah, Afghanistan
Alexandria Arachosia, now Kandahar
Alexandria in the Caucasus, now Bagram
Alexandria on the Oxus or Alexandria Oxiana, probably Ai-Khanoum
Alexandria in Opiania, Ghazni
Nikaia or Nicaea, at or near Jalalabad
Modern Pakistan
Arigaeum, modern Nawagai, Bajaur
Nicaea, somewhere in modern Punjab
Alexandria Bucephalous (Bucephala), somewhere in modern Punjab. Maybe Phalia or Gujrat, Pakistan or Jalalpur Sharif.
Alexandria on the Indus, possibly Uch, and another town on the Indus.
Patala, unknown, possibly near Hyderabad, Sindh
Xylinepolis, unknown, possibly near Hyderabad, Sindh
Alexandria in Orietai near Rhambacia, possibly Bela, Pakistan.
Alexandria, possibly near modern Multan.
Alexandria, founded beside the old Indian town of Patala at the mouth of the Indus river at Regio Patalis.
Modern India
Alexandria on the Hyphasis; In Punjab, India on the western bank of the Beas (Hyphasis) river.
References
Isidoros of Charax, Parthian Stations, § 1.2
Getzel Cohen (2006). The Hellenistic Settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa. University of California Press. p. 250. doi:10.1525/california/9780520241480.001.0001. ISBN 9780520241480.
